For all those who makes fun of Hindu Mythology

Human head transplant: Reality?

Its not very usual when we get to know about the things which we often laugh at when we were kid. All those western influenced people who laughs at mythology especially Indian mythology when a God called Shiva transplant head of elephant on a human body(first Xeno transplant), has seriously need to introspect. Recent claim by Italy scientists that they may come up with technique of head transplant in coming years. It can create fresh debate over the topic 'Mythology based on science' or 'science based on mythology'! I don't know which claim is true, but i know mythology holds some truth as nothing can be written in air.  A story or folklore itself has basis and study of this story makes it MYTHOLOGY. I remember my biology teacher in school used to say lord Shiva was super physician and surgeon. For all the indians who are obsessed with western knowledge, i want to say-Stop criticising the culture we represent. We as an Indian have to look within. There is no intelligence in making fun of our history and tradition and demeaning our practices and believing false notions. If we try to figure out how it happened in past and what was the theory behind it, then surely we might explain our rich heritage which is purely scientific and logical.

So next time you read mythology don't laugh on it. Instead expand your thinking and try to find out high level science and technology behind it.

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AWARENESS WEEK (13TH Nov 2017 - 19TH Nov 2017) PART-5

HOW TO TACKLE ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE?

In my previous post, i mentioned about how antibiotic resistance is threatening our lives. We know antibiotic resistance is bigger challenge now. Over dependency on medicines and alteration in genetic make-up of microbes, both have bought the monstrous problem of antibiotic resistance. As of now communicable diseases were some how managed well. If we see trends in latest research, it is non communicable diseases that are taking lead in claiming live. But with new findings, antibiotic resistance can allow entry of communicable diseases from back door. Overuse of antimicrobials has pulled us back to the point where it all started. Yes, indeed we returned to the situation when we had no treatment for curing infections. This time situation is more grim as the standard drugs are failing. Superbug is reality now. So what we should do now? To tackle Antibiotic resistance, should we make Super Antibiotic or Super Drug? What we do after 50 years from now when these drugs fails too? Instead of making Super Drug, can't we concentrate on building immunity? Look at the bacterias. They shielded themselves from the effect of antibiotics. They are doing best for their survival. Can't we do same? Rather relying on suppressor drugs which suppress the activity of microbes, we should focus on immunity boosters. Anything that builds immunity must be promoted. If our immunity is strong then no bacteria can harm us. Even to the patients of Tuberculosis, Hepatitis, Dengue and many other diseases, good diet is key to get back to the normal. Many vaccines can be introduced which can prevent any such infections thereby building immunity against the diseases. 

Some Preventive measures to control antibiotic resistance

• Never take medicines by your own
• Always follow prescription suggested by doctor
• Wash Hand whenever it is necessary
• Always eat well which is hygienic
• WHO Five Keys to Safer Food (keep clean, separate raw and cooked, cook thoroughly, keep food at safe temperatures, use safe water and raw materials)
• Keep your environment clean
• As a health practitioner never prescribe medicines to the patients which are not needed
• Safer sex
• Vaccinate animals 

Antibiotic resistance week (13th November 2017- 19th November 2017) Part 4

In a recent case of antibiotic resistance, a 70 year old woman from Nevada, USA succumbed to the infection as she was suffering from Klibsiella Pneumonia. The lady was resistant to 26 different antibiotics and finally died due to multiple organ failure. During her visit to India, she was hospitalised to different hospitals in India before she returned to her native place. In Nevada USA she was hospitalised and given private room and she remained isolated from other patients. It is still a matter of research why and how she developed Antibiotic resistance. This is not the only case where patient becoming resistant to drugs. There are several other cases particularly seen and heard commonly in Tuberculosis patient. The worsen form of tuberculosis infection is called MDR-TB meaning Multi Drug Resistant TB. There are many incidence reported where patient already affected with tuberculosis shows no improvement and become resistant to most important ist line drug of tuberculosis. Those drugs are Isoniazid & Rifampicin. In another form of MDR-TB, which is its severe type, patient becomes resistant to one more drug i.e, Fluoroquinolone and at least one of the three second line drug (Kanamycin, Capreomycin & Amikacin). This form of MDR-TB is hence called XDR-TB, meaning Xtreme Drug Resistant TB.

Short note on Superbug

The term Superbug refers for the strain of bacteria that are resistant to Several types of antibiotics. Mutations in bacterial genome can result can create strain of bacteria which shows no effect of antibiotics on them. Superbug is the result of over prescription and Overuse of the medicines.

ANTIBIOTIC AWARENESS WEEK (13TH NOV 2017 - 19TH NOV 2017) PART 3

How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?

What will be your reaction if someone tries to kill you? You will try various methods to protect yourself from the Assassin, right! You may wear iron shield, so that no gun or sharp object can harm you. Now think in broader sense, How human have able to survive in extreme weather conditions. Over the years human and other living beings develops such ability, ability of surviving, Adaptation. With the overuse of antibiotics, bacteria too have developed such power to cope up with antibiotics. They too have shown the ability to survive, by changing their genetic make up, so that they can resist the effect of antibiotics which is lethal for them. This is like competition, to be one among those successful living species is like continuous "tug of war", where one has to win or other has to lose. Human follies cannot be matched. They are blind folded till the time they find themselves on the verge of cataclysm. At that time they may not mind harming other beings. Antibiotic resistance resulted as we believed in medicine more than our inbuilt immunity. Of course they are life saving drugs but misuse and overuse of antibiotics/antimicrobials has put the mankind on the edge.

Now coming back to the question what are the ways by which bacteria are becoming resistant to antibiotics. Some Bacteria can neutralise the effect of Antibiotics and make them harmless. Some bacteria pump an antibiotic out of the cells before they destroy it. Some bacteria change their outer structure into a shield so that no antibiotic can injure them. Most of the times surviving bacteria becomes resistant to the antibiotic. 

Next: Few Cases of Antibiotic Resistance in recent times

ANTIBIOTIC AWARENESS WEEK (13TH NOV 2017 - 19TH NOV 2017) PART 2

In my last post i have mentioned about how a coincident discovery became so commercialised that it has now become part of our daily living. Antibiotics are overused or misused for the cause that needs no antibiotical treatment. Today we will discuss about the microbes that are present everywhere and popular among masses for their notorious activities i.e, spreading infection.

Comparison between bacteria and virus. 

Bacteria and virus both have potency of spreading infection. Bacteria are single-celled organisms found inside and outside of our bodies. However, many bacteria are actually helpful for e.g, bacteria lives in our gut. Disease causing bacteria are contagious and harmful. Examples of such are streptococcus, mycobacterium, clostridium etc. Virus on contrary, are microbes that are smaller than bacteria and cannot survive outside the host cell. 

Antibiotic or Antimicrobial?

Antibiotic is the term which is used for the drug that kills bacterial growth specifically. It has no effect on disease caused by virus. Term Antimicrobial is an umbrella term for all the microbes including virus, bacteria, fungi and parasites. It is wise to use Antimicrobial resistance for addressing Public Health emergency caused by various microbes, not bacteria in particular. 

Why are Antibiotic becoming resistant to antibiotics.

1. Overuse or misuse of antibiotics
2. Using antibiotics even for viral diseases like common flu
3. Development of antibiotic resistant bacteria which nullifies the effect of antibiotic
4. Change in genetic make up of disease causing bacteria 
5. Resistant bacteria outnumbering the sensitive bacteria

Every time a person takes antibiotic, the sensitive bacteria are killed but there is a population of resistant bacteria that are left to grow and proliferate. The repeated use of Antibiotic make these resistant bacteria more immune to the drug and hence they increase in number.

Next post on : How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?

ANTIBIOTIC AWARENESS WEEK (13TH NOV 2017 - 19TH NOV 2017) PART 1

This article is the first article in the series of 5 post that i going to publish in coming week on the most discussed topic of Today i.e, "Antibiotic Resistance". In today's post i will mention about how antibiotics have became integral part of our lives. 

Introduction

It was Alexander Flaming's "mold juice" that had announced the era of the antibiotic age. While returning from holiday in early September of 1928, Fleming noticed his petri dish where a blob of mold was growing. This mold was capable of killing a wide range of harmful bacteria like Streptococus, Diptheria Bacillus, Meningococus, etc. Later this wonder strain was called "Penicillium Notatum".

With the discovery of Penicillin, many other pathologists, chemists and scientists started with their own discoveries and hence created new derivatives and forms of antibiotics. Antibiotic which means "opposing life", commercialised widely in large scale. It has revolutionised the field of medicine in 20th century. Many bacterial infections are treated with the use of antibiotics. It can be given as prophylactic measures (as seen in patient with weakened immune system). Along with vaccination, antibiotics have led to the near eradication of many diseases such as Tuberculosis in developed country. But due to overuse and its nature as it acts as suppressor  of bacterial growth, has led to the major problem what we called today as Antibiotic resistance. World Health Organisation has already regarded it as a potential threat in coming future and it is happening in every part of the world. It has the potency of affecting people around the globe regardless age & country.

Next article: (part-2) comparison between bacteria and viruses. Why antibiotic should not be given in viral infections?

BIOMEDICAL WASTE: A CHALLENGE TO THE COMMUNITY AND SOCIETY

INTRODUCTION

The first rule in medicine is 'Primum Non Nocere' - Do No Harm. Under Biomedical Waste Management rules by the Government of India, it is responsibility of every hospital, clinic, laboratory and similar setups to ensure the wellbeing of not only of the staff working in their respective establishments, but also of the public at the large.
Biomedical waste means any waste which is produced during healthcare, diagnostic tests, research or related procedures on human beings or animals conducted in hospitals, diagnostic laboratories, and clinics etc. It is far more hazardous than any other waste as it may harm, infect or injure patients, visitors and public. The most vulnerable being the ragpickers or those who are involved in manual scavenging. Biomedical waste is a danger if it is not treated or managed carefully. It is a potential pollutant which may contaminate soil, air and water.

The Government of India has promulgated the Medical Waste (Management and handling) Rules, 1998 under which the person who is responsible of medical and other establishments where such wastes are generated are held legally answerable for maintaining the conditions mentioned in rules, which have come into effect from January 1, 2003. 

Types of Biomedical waste

Biomedical waste can be divided according to its potency of spreading infection.
Harmless waste- As the name suggests, the waste which is nontoxic. For example, paper, cardboard, flowers, kitchen waste, ordinary office etc.
Infectious waste- Any waste which is likely to transmit infection through pathogenic microbe it carries. This may include used syringes, used blades and needles, swabs, dressings, laboratory samples etc.

Non-Infectious hazardous waste: It can be chemical, radioactive and pharmacological waste.

Management
The aim and objective of biomedical waste management is to prevent harm or injury resulting from waste, to minimize its amount by reducing its volume and to ensure safe its disposal. Here are the few points regarding the waste management

• The hospital and its premises should be kept clean.
  
• Ensure the safety of public at large.
  
• Reduce the amount of waste.
  
• Segregation: Separate the waste and put them into different colored container according
  to the type of waste. Waste sorting is a method which makes the procedure of waste
  management less complicated. The waste is sorted under following categories
  

1. Dry or Wet waste
   
2. Biodegradable or Non-biodegradable waste 

Waste Treatment

Chemical disinfection: It is an important preliminary procedure before final treatment with some material. for example, contaminated sputum or pus are disinfected before being buried and autoclaved.
Deep Burial: The large uninhabited land is chosen for this process. This is a safe method for disposal of sharp objects also.
Incineration: It is the method by which solid infections, like anatomical waste, amputated limbs, and the like are exposed to very high heat until it turns into ash, which would be only about a tenth of original volume.
Autoclaving: Widely used in laboratories and clinics for treating infectious waste before disposal. Microwave: Useful method of sterilization of small volume of waste.
Liquid wastes are disinfected and neutralized before flushing into the sewer.

Conclusion

Medical wastes must be categorised according to the type. Sorting and segregation of waste is a key step which can be done by reducing, reusing and recycling thereby ensuring safe disposal of waste. Loose implementation of rules and lack of civic concern imposing direct threat on society. The challenge is to protect environment and health of community from the hazardous effect of biomedical wastes. 

Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction: A quick Treatment Guide

All low back pain is not due to disc herniation only. The Sacroiliac joint dysfunction is also a leading cause of persistent low back pain. So, many of us who doesn't know much about the Sacroiliac joint, in upcoming lines of the article they will get to know. Sacroiliac comprises of two words- Sacrum & Ilium. Sacrum is fused triangular vertebra which forms the lower portion of spinal column along with coccyx. Ilium or illiac is the part of pelvic bone. The joint form with the fusion of two bony structure, sacrum and iliac is known as Sacroiliac joint. Here is the picture explaining the joint structures.

Anterior view showing sacroiliac joint

The joint dysfunction arises when there is problem in these structures. The area of pain is more likely to be in and around the joint area.

Red area in the picture representing pain area

Six exercise that may help you in relieving your pain due to sacroiliac joint function

1) Single Knee To Chest

2) Bilateral Knee To Chest

3) knee Rotation( lying on your back position)

4) Bridge

5) Cobra pose

6) Bird Dog pose( in all 4 position)

Things to remember while opting for the exercises

1) Always consult your Physio while doing such exercises, as same exercises cannot be prescribed to all patients suffering from low back pain due to different conditions.

2) If there is severe pain that is hampering your night sleeps, that means you need to go through a whole body checkup. May be beyond X- Ray.

3) If pain worsens with exercises (after 3-4 days of exercise session), discontinue the treatment.

4) Many of these exercises are not suitable for the Patient suffering from Disc Herniation or inflammation.

The Continous War

Whenever there is dispute, there is war. 

War of words..

War over a piece of land... 

War for showing SUPERIORITY on each other...

Why war happens? We ask each other. Why country fights with each other? We ask such questions. 

But fighting is human tendency. 

We have that self interest. The egomania to get safe first.

But when constant survival wins turned into Arrogance, then we witness Devastation. 

A man made Devastation...

Are we not fighting with nature? We cut trees, we destroyed habitat,we kill it's creatures. And then we are replied strongly by it time to time. The Earthquake or The Deluge.. Just because we cannot control nature fury, we often feel helpless when HUMANITY is strongly retaliated by much powerful Nature. But what happens when there is dare given to us by any other person.? Do we take the challenge or not? Most of the time we take the challenge. So, what make us to do that? Answer is The superiority complex. To show we are the mightiest. What make them believe that they are the most powerful? The money, the weapons, the infrastructure or the resources... Why there is race to prove SUPERIORITY? Isn't that we want people to believe the religion, the ethnicity & the heritage we belong to is superior to others. This thought is strong enough to transform a country into a radical orthodox country. This is What we see in our present day scenario. The radical mindsets wants every individual to be like them. If someone refuses to do so, they are killed or murdered. This is what we call Terrorism. 

This is what Mahmood Ghazni did to India. 

This is what Ghori, Mughals, British did to India. 

This is what orthodox Church did in Europe. 

Many more such examples...

But,

It happened in past. 

.

.

It is happening today.

People may have changed. 

.

.

Weapons may have changed. 

But motive is still the same.

.

. 

Terrorise People...

               

                

                                                     **************

                                                                                                                                                    llRBll

OSTEOPOROSIS IN YOUNG GIRLS

Abstract

Osteoporosis can happen in any age. It's not an old age disease. This is misconception as the most critical time for building bone mass is the 'Adolescent age'.
The prevalence of osteoporosis increase markedly with age, reflecting the age related decline in bone mass. This gets aggravated by inadequate calcium and vitamin diet (especially vitamin-D), sedentary lifestyle and quest of menopause in females. Females get poor nutrition in childhood and even post pregnancy so, undernourished females eventually become osteoporotic very early. Young women, and even young girls, may also be at risk. Eating disorder such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia can in severe cases not only leaves the sufferer malnourished in terms of such as calcium, but can also lead to a decline in body functions and production of hormones such as estrogen – causing menstruation to cease.

Keywords: Osteoporosis, Metabolic bone disease, Adolescent, Young Girls, Calcium intake, Female Athlete Triad.

Osteoporosis in adolescent girls

Teens may not think much about what they eat. Or what they eat today will affect them tomorrow, or twenty years from now. One long-lasting effect of nutritional imbalance during adolescence is osteoporosis. Once recognised primarily as an elderly woman's disease, osteoporosis is now being acknowledged as a partially preventable "adolescent" disease because the occurrence of osteoporosis is influenced by bone mass attained during the first three decades of life, as well as the amount of bone lost after menopause. An optimal calcium intake during adolescence, when 50 percent of adult skeletal mass is formed, decreases the risk of the crippling fractures caused by osteoporosis.

                                                                      Table 1 Showing age wise comparison between male and female calcium influence

Recent studies shows calcium supplementation in the girls of age between 12 to 16 years, produced a 14 percent increase in bone density in comparison to unsupplemented girls. For every 5 percent increase in bone density, the risk of fracture declines by 40 percent. And, by the time adolescents finish their "growth spurt" around the age of 17 to 18 years, approximately 90 percent of their adult bone mass will have been established.
However, a national survey indicates that 85 percent of adolescent females do not consume the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for calcium. Many adolescent females avoid dairy products, the best source of calcium, because of the perception that all dairy products are Fat-laden foods. Other teens replace milk with regular or diet soda, unconcerned about the "Empty calories" or limited nutritional value of soda. Some teens are not aware of the serious, long-lasting implications of inadequate calcium consumption. And most do not think they may become one of the 26 million women that suffer from osteoporosis today.

                                                           Table 2 showing recommended daily allowance of calcium in different age groups

Adolescent Female Athlete Triad: 

Disordered Eating, Amenorrhea, and Osteoporosis
The competitive adolescent female athlete may often be at risk for developing this trio of medical disorders. The compounded effects of osteopenia (reduced bone mass), amenorrhea (loss of periods), and disordered eating can be debilitating for the female teen athlete. Despite the fact that their weight- bearing exercise acts to increase bone density, this exercise often cannot compensate for the lower estrogen levels associated with menstrual dysfunction and the resultant loss of bone. Many young female athletes may aspire to be "ultra-thin," the loss of 25 percent of total body weight causes serious physiological disturbances, like amenorrhea, which has been linked to increased stress fractures.

Conclusion

                                                                            Figure showing how adequate calcium intake cut down the risk of fractures

Inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake is harmful to bone health. Excessive consumption of other nutrients such as protein and sodium can decrease calcium absorption. Early menopause (<45 yr) occurring naturally or surgically (for example surgical removal of ovaries) cause estrogen deficiency which may increase chances of developing osteoporosis. Excessive use of alcohol increases the risk fractures due to both poor nutrition and increased risk of falling.

References

1. Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Principle and Practice by Joel A Delisa &Bruce M. Gans (2007), published by Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, fourth edition, Chapter 58 Osteoporosis, page no.1464-1469
   
2. Clinical Orthopaedics Rehabilitation,S. Brent Brotzman (2003) and Kelvin E. Wilk, Moshy publication, second edition, chapter 7 special topics, page no 530-538
   
3. Clinical Sports medicine,Peter Brukner And Karim Khan with colleagues(reprinted in 2010), published by Tata McGraw Hills, part D chapter 41 Women and activity: related issue across the life span, page no.756-757
   
4. Robson BE. Disordered Eating in HighSchool Dance Students,Some Practical Considerations. J Dance Med Sci 6(1): 7-13, 2002.
   
5. Internet site reference
   

http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/calcium- supplements/art-20047097 

HARDER YOU EXERCISE, MORE YOU CATCH COLD?

We are advised by the doctors that 30 mins of exercise is essential for maintaining good health. But according to recent studies if we exercise too hard, we may be more likely to get flu and cold. A team of scientist in Loughborough University says that brisk walking daily can improve your immunity. But prolonged strenuous activities like running, which needs more energy expenditure may lead to upper respiratory infections including colds, sinusitis & other flu like symptoms. 

To maintain good functioning of  a machine one need to update the machine over the time. In similar way, our immune system also need a software update for proper functioning of body. Body also gets bored with same kind of work out. So we should try to do different exercises on different day. Like on Monday we can do strenuous activities , in middle of the week we can do exercises which contain simple PT exercises or Yoga. On Sundays we can do only Meditation. 

It's always essential to perform different activities. But we prefer to stick to only on same kind of exercise. That makes us easily bored. 

Exercise adds quality in life. Remember if we had a pill that contained all benefits of physical activities, it would be the most prescribed drug in the world.

7 DO IT YOURSELF (DIY) HEALTH CHECKUP

1) To Check Stroke Risk

According to America's National Stroke Association if your heart beats out of rhythm, it is more likely to have a stroke. To check for Atrial Fibrillation do the following steps:

• Tap your foot according to the rhythm of your pulse ( place your fingers on your wrist where radial artery beats) for one minute.
• If your foot is tapping steadily, like a clock ticking then you are ok. But if it's uneven then you need to consult doctor.

2) To check Obstructive Lung conditions

• Light a match in a Draft free room(air free).

• Let it burn half way.

• Hold it six inches from your mouth.
• Try to blow it out with your mouth open enough.

• People with Chronic condition of lungs like obstructive diseases cannot able to do it.

3) Anaemia

"Do you Know Only 55% people with Anaemia are pale".

To check if you are iron deficient or not, follow the following steps

• Press down your nail bed firmly.
• Your hand should be well held above the heart.
• If it takes more than  2 seconds for the blood to return to your nails( Return of pink coloration) after you released the pressure, it's may be a sign of anaemia.

Precaution: Your hands should not be so cold.

4) Overactive Thyroid

"If you are less than 40 years ,trembling hands can be a symptom of overactive Thyroid"

DIY test for overactive thyroid

• Place a A4 paper on back of your outstretched hand
• Little movement of paper is normal
• Pronounced wobble means you can have Overactive thyroid.

5) Under active Thyroid

"Underactive thyroid slows down your reflexes"

              DIY test:

• Sit on the edge of table so your legs move freely.

• Tap the tendon between your kneecap and the top pf your leg bone.

• Normal response will cause "knee jerk" leg kick immediately.

• But if the response is delayed if the leg comes back to its former position slowly then your body is producing little thyroid hormone.

6) Stiffness in Arteries

"Simple sit and reach test is a good predictor of artery flexibility"

DIY test for stiff artery

• Sit on the floor with your leg straight
• Your toes should point towards the ceiling
• Bend from your hips, stretch your arm and try to touch the toes.
• Inability to perform the activity is an indicator that you may have stiff arteries which are the reason of many cardiovascular diseases.

7) Test for Myasthenia Grevis(fascial Muscle weakness)

"Weak eye muscle may be an indicator of early sign of a condition called Myasthenia Grevis"

DIY test for fascial muscle weakness

• Sit comfortably on chair
• Look upwards towards the ceiling.
• Do NOT move your Head.
• If you have the condition or weakness, then you wont be able to perform the task for more than a minute or two.
• If condition is present then your eyelid will droop by own due to weakness.

Stars we see...

Look at the night sky. Is it not full of stars? Can we think how would sky look without stars? If the air is not polluted and weather is clear, without clouds, we can witness thousand of stars every night. Now imagine, one night you go out and all of a sudden sky become starless! Have you ever thought, what is the possibility of this scenario to happen in near future?

Other day, i went to a gift shop with my friend. She had to buy a gift for her Niece. She selected STAR LIGHT PROJECTOR. This unique projector has several pinholes in which led bulbs are fixed. It is like Christmas star, having bulb which scintillates the entire room, but with LED lights, it is much more beautiful. Any time you can switch the button on, projector sparkles the room with different galaxies, consisting planets and stars. Soon after, sparkling vanishes as the device is switched off. Now think, a projector invisibly far from our sight, our sky, full of stars.. Suddenly! projector is switched off. And the Result is,                                                             

  NO STAR IN THE SKY!

10 Unknown Medical Conditions that exists without definite cause

10. Spontaneous Human Combustion

In the condition Human burst into flames without any sign of ignition or fire.

9. Morgellons Disease

A mysterious skin condition, having crawling skins and nerve fibres in oozing open wounds.

8. Moebius Syndrome

It is congenital nerve condition in which fascial nerve is not developed. That results in lack of expression and movement like smile, frown & blink etc.

7. Encephalitis Lethargica

In this condition, patient is motionless, speechless and lives like living statue.

6. Dancing Mania

It is the condition in which a person dance uncontrollably. Death occurs due to exhaustion.

5. Nodding Disease

Nodding disease is little known disease restricted to countries like Sudan, Tanzania & Uganda. Disease causes Nodding seizures in children.

4. Pica

In this, person craves for non edible materials like dirt, paper, hair etc.

3. English Sweating

First Haunted in Tudor England. Person experience cascade of sweating. Death within hours.

2. Exploding Head Sickness

Loud, banging in head. Unexplained pain, like bomb is exploding inside the head.

1. Peru Meteorite Syndrome

In 2007 meteorite fall in Peru. Soon after  Locals and scientist in Peru started vomiting and experienced Headaches.

The day when Gambusia swims, Frog hops

It was the first day of the school after summer vacations and 2nd day of Month of July. I always liked mildness in weather whenever it rains in Delhi. While waiting for the school bus at the bus stop I was pretty much excited to meet my friends after so long. Soon the bus arrived and I reached school within 15 mins. As it was raining the prayer schedule was shifted to Hall room. Soon after the prayers we dismissed to our classrooms. It was still raining outside. The basketball court was fully filled with rain water. And we were pretty much sure what we gonna see in lunch breaks. It was raining in Delhi from past few days. We always expected this kind of pre monsoon showers before actual monsoon arrives. We were actually having fun as most of the teachers were absent due to rains. We had got enough time for talking. As the bell rang for the lunch breaks we on count of three ran towards basketball court.. To see what we expected to see.. The fishes.. That appears by their own whenever it rains..
When I was in my adolescenthood , I always wondered how these fishes appears by their own in stalled waters. Science gives us an opportunity to question. Why? Where? & How? Those fishes that used to appear in logged waters are actually Gambusia, the mosquito eaters. Over the years these Gambusia fishes serving as natural cleaners, feeding on larvae of mosquitoes. Yes, the mosquitoes! Being Delhite I think i don't have to tell what mosquitoes can do. As we see increasing cases of Dengue and Chikungunya in past few years, now I know what had changed in these years. The population of frogs and Gambusia came down and there is drastic increase in mosquito population. 

Gambusia is fresh water fishes living in shallow waters. Single Gambusia can eat 100 to 300 mosquito larvas. It cannot tolerate very high organic pollutions which is actually the main reason of water pollution, though they can tolerate wide range of temperature. So disappearance of Gambusia is may be due to increase in organic pollution over the years. 
Other natural cleaner of environment which eats up the mosquitoes are frogs. How often you see frogs hopping in rainy seasons? Being an Amphibian species frogs are biological indicators of any changes in climate. They respond to alterations in moisture and temperature.

Their thin permeable skin cannot adapt to the changes in aquatic and terrestrial environment. With no frog around we can think where we are heading towards. The increased cases of Dengue, Chikungunya and many mosquito bite disease are the result of over interference of human in ecology. Global warming is on the rise. Food chain is disturbed already. We can see alteration in weather phenomena. We are struggling with antibiotic resistance. And what not? The situation is bad today but it may go worst if we do not take appropriate actions.

Global Pandemic Cardiovascular Disease

Non communicable diseases are those diseases which are Chronic and evolve slowly by the time. They are likely to remain in existence unless intervened. Some of the NCDs which are threat to the world and considered as global burden are cancer, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and diabetes etc.

With population of more than 1.2 billion, India has lots of challenges to deal. The cumulative loss of national income for India due to non-communicable disease mortality for 2006–2015 is expected to be USD237 billion. Chronic diseases accounts for 53% of all the deaths recorded in India and 44% of DALY (Disability Adjusted Life Years) in 2005. Controlling NCDs can be relevant only when India and other LMICs (lower middle income countries) orient their health system towards prevention, screening, intervention and treatment. A serious desire to reduce burden of NCDs should be the aim. Surveillance of NCDs and Risk factors can play Important Role in prevention and control of diseases. Keeping in view that non communicable diseases can have serious impact on Country’s economy and productivity, appropriate measures and honest commitments are essential for health of India and its GDP.

Risk behaviors or behavioral risk factors are the risk factors which are adopted by us intentionally or unintentionally but may lead to serious consequences in later life if not corrected. They are the result of bad habits and poor lifestyle acquired by us. Some of the risk factors are: 

• Use of Tobacco instead of warning written on the packet. 

• Unhealthy diet like diet rich in fat and oil, low fiber diet, aerated drinks rich in caffeine etc. 

• Excessive Alcohol consumption. 

• 💓💓💓💓💓💓💓Physical inactivity

Intermediate risk factors are the result of behavioral risk factors if they are not corrected like

• Raised blood pressure

• High BMI

• Dyslipidimia

• Increased blood glucose level

Global NCD target set by WHO for prevention of various non communicable diseases

1. 25% reduction in overall mortality from  NCDs

2.10% reduction in overall harmful usage of Alcohol.

3. 10% relative reduction in prevalence of insufficient physical activity.

4. 30% relative reduction in mean population intake of salt / sodium.

5. 30% relative reduction in prevalence of tobacco usage in the people aged 15+ years.

6. 25% relative reduction in prevalence of hypertension.

7. Halt rising cases of diabetes and obesity.

8. At least 50% eligible people should receive drug therapy and counseling to prevent heart attacks and strokes.

9.An 80% availability of basic drugs medicines,technologies, and techniques to treat Major NCDs. It should be feasible, affordable and reachable to the people of the country.

Theory of non interaction

Q. If there is a possibility of presence of extra terrestrial beings(aliens) , then why haven't they interacted with us?

Ans. While watching moon every night which is my favorite time pass, I often think why one part of moon look so bright? When I surfed internet I found, the moon we see is actually  near side of it, part where sunlight falls and interestingly we have never seen it's dark part( far side). Because the rotation of Moon on its axis and revolution of Moon around earth and rotation of earth around its own axis and its revolution around the sun never allows us to see it's dark part. Isn't that amazing ! Perfect timing when two world cannot sense each other presence. This make me believe may be the part of universe or planet which we see from earth is not the part where aliens lives . Likewise, from their world we are not visible too. That's the reason there is no valid interaction up till now. We have been positioned in universe in such a way so that we cannot sense each other presence.. But now when the space exploration is reality and you can send rovers and ships on the different planets, may be alien interaction can be more realistic and vocal with valid proofs...
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"ZOONOSIS" an ignored medical condition

Man’s relation with animal is age old. This association can be traced back to the beginning of civilization. This friendship is built on the foundation of trust, care and love. But when integral bonds are sacrificed for selfish motives, consequences of betrayal can brings out dangerous results. Mother nature has provided all its creatures a habitat to live. Mutual existence without disturbing the law of nature is the only key to live peacefully. Trouble arises when one species tries to rule over the others. Human by far is the most intelligent species in the world. But this is also true, human follies has no match too. It has been found that every 6 out of 10 diseases caused in human are actually animal born. Zoonoses is the science which studies transmission of diseases from animals (mainly vertebrates) to human, vice-versa,  through direct or indirect contact. Some of the examples of Zoonotic disease are rabies, plague, bovine tuberculosis, anthrax, African sleeping sickness etc. People living in both urban and rural areas have some kind of bond with animals. We are dependent on animals for milk, meat, eggs etc. The close interdependence  between the animals and human also provided microbes a chance to propagate in human body. Lack of knowledge among the masses and pure neglection of zoonotic diseases by  National and International health agencies has put human on the verge of increase vulnerability to get infected with many zoonotic diseases. It has been seen the vast majority of zoonotic diseases are not prioritized by health system at National and International levels and are labeled as neglected until it become an outbreak. Aren’t we aware of EBOLA VIRUS OUTBREAK in west African region in recent times? It has become a Global Threat now. Ebola virus mainly affects fruit bats.Then later many animals like monkeys, chimpanzees, antelopes etc are affected by it. Now humans are its latest victim. Rapid urbanization and globalization are also a contributing factor in rapid spread of various Zoonotic diseases.  Monkeys, dogs, pigs, birds, cows and many other animals are now part of Human community living in Urban, Peri-urban and Rural areas. In low- middle income countries where human population is huge, maintaining hygienic conditions is a major challenge. Animals living with human population are also affected with this and hence diseases which attacks only a specific animal is now transmitted in humans. Aren’t we aware of Swine flu outbreak in India in year 2015? It was the major headline of every newspaper and news channel. The H1N1 virus which affects pigs, is now causing influenza in human population. This deadly virus had claimed over 2000 lives in year 2015 in India. Most worst affected states were Gujarat and Rajasthan with 428 and 415 registered number of deaths respectively. National capital Delhi also reported high number of registered cases but due to better awareness and better developed health care sector, death toll was low. It has been seen human DNA shares a lot of similarities with pig’s DNA. May be this is the reason disease transmission between the two is very common. Porcine Cysticercosis caused by Taenia solium, a tapeworm, which has indirect life cycle needs two host in order to complete it’s life cycle. One is definitive host and other is intermediate host. The Definitive host, humans, are infected with Taenia solium when ingest tissue from intermediate host, pigs, that contain larvae (Cysticercosis). On other hand the intermediate host infected when they consume eggs that are shed in human fecal matter.  The disease is common in area where pigs are allowed to roam freely. In India many peri urban parts like Lucknow and many other Northern Indian states, pigs are living with human population. But on contrary, this disease in seen commonly in Northern-eastern parts of the country.  When studied closely, spread of Porcine cysticercosis in Northern-eastern state of India was due to the pigs that were transported from Northern parts of the country. India is rich with cultural diversity with different traditions and food habits. In Northern state of the country pig meat is rarely consumed by the people. On contrast North- east part of the country consumption of pork meat is very common. When favorite meat is available on low rates, people waste no time to buy it. Transported from other states, already affected pigs are ready to transmit disease. Most worrisome part is that both seller and buyers are unaware of the fact. Don’t we need proper awareness program and strategies to tackle diseases like this? This is where various National health departments and other international agencies should play their part. Low middle income country like India is at greater risk of Zoonotic infections. Lack of strategic focus among all the concerned departments, prevention and control effort of zoonotic infections fall short of global standards. Poor awareness campaign ,lack of research based policy making, non uniform surveillance and irregular monitoring does nothing but adds more challenges. Zoonoses prevention and control needs strategic and an interdisciplinary disease management perspective and combined efforts of various fields ( veterinary, human medicine, environmentalists, public health practitioners) with genuine dedication.  

'Selfie Is Selfish'

In the world of technology, we are stranded all alone in a two way road. One road guides your way towards inside yourself and other brings you to the world of outside. To run a balance life we must visit two worlds on regular basis. Outside world is harsh. Inside world is much calmer. It motivates and help us. Problem arises when we start doing things which are assigned to a particular world in other world. For example asking about self is inside world's work. But  We are not asking ourselves instead we are asking google to answer which belongs to outside world . We underestimated ourselves, we rely on computers more. We lost confidence on self. Or should i say we ignored our worth and rejected the pious soul of us. How many times You take out your pictures in a day? Selfie craze! Don't you think selfie is selfish? Too much adulation we wanted. We are not happy the way we look. We want others to adore us. We want others to admire our looks. This is crazy! that was actually celebrities forte. But age of mobile has made 'AAM AADMI' a selfie addict. People desperately want others attention. For that they go for many clicks. In this fad they often ignores their priorities and relations. Families are happy when they are clicked. They smiled when they are photographed. In other moment they behave totally strange to each other. Is in that something wrong with our modern society? We are smiling for cameras, not for each other, not at all for each others presence. We want to capture smallest detail of nature when we are holidaying. But we forget what eyes can captures "THE MEMORIES" camera can't. We are in habit of clicking. We stopped enjoying.  In history we often read good & evil stories. People draining their relations, ruining their home and losing their lives. They are completely obsessed and possessed. Evil is winner when a person lost his/her life while taking "selfie". It's a kind of suicide attempt when people surrenders their lives so easily. Devil is on the roll. It is outside. Has influential powers. Playing its part very well. On other side, Goodness inside us. Much closer. Much stronger. But needs attention and self realization. 

World Hepatitis Day 28 July 2016

On World Hepatitis Day (28 July 2016), here are some important points need to be known.

1) Viral Hepatitis(Hepat + Itis) liver inflammation, is a major public health challenge. It is defined as infection of the liver caused by any of half dozen viruses .

2) Today, in addition to Hepatitis A( HAV) and Hepatitis B (HAB) viruses, C,D,E and G have also been identified.

3) Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E are caused mainly due to ingesting contaminated food and water. Mode of transmission is faecal oral route. It is rarely transmitted from parenteral route (by blood).

4) Other strain of virus i,e. Hepatitis B,C,D and G also causes Hepatitis but here mode of transmission is Parenteral or sexual.

5) Symptoms of viral hepatitis are same as any other enteric ailments. Such as fever, malaise, chills, vomiting, generalized weakness, aches, pains etc. Proper Diagnosis like liver function test (LFT), ELISA and antigen specific tests need to be done.

6) Hepatitis B is endemic throughout the world,especially in tropical and developing countries and also in some region of Europe. HBV is a global problem.

7) In Hepatitis B  contaminated blood is the main source of infection, although the virus has been found in body secretions such as saliva, semen and vaginal secretions.

8) Since there is no specific treatment, prevention has been the major aim in managing viral hepatitis B. Hepatitis B vaccine can be administered to all children and adolescents aged less than 18 years. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) given to the person who is accidentally inoculated like surgeons, nurses etc for immediate protection. All blood donors should be screened for HBV infection and those positive for Australian Antigen should be rejected. Carrier should not share their belongings such as razors, tooth brushes with others.

9) An estimated 95% people with hepatitis are unaware of their infection. It is undoubtedly due to lack of awareness and lack of testing services in countries.

10) On this World Hepatitis day the motto is 
"KNOW HEPATITIS ACT NOW"